ABSTRACT
Background and Aim: Formaldehyde is an air contaminant which has wide applications in industry and medicine and its destructive effects have been reported on the body systems. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of different doses of onion extract on biochemical parameters and histopathology of mice kidneys exposed to formaldehyde
Material and Methods: 48 adult male mice were randomly divided into six groups. The control group did not receive any injection. The second group received formaldehyde 10 mg/kg for 14 days and the 3[rd], 4[th] ,5[th] and 6[th] groups received 5,10,20 and 40 mg/kg/day of onion extract respectively in addition to intraperitoneal doses of formaldehyde
After 14 days, tissue preparation was done and using stereological technique, the sizes of the kidneys and glomeruli were measured. Also, serum urea and creatinine levels were measured. Data were analyzed by SPSS software
Results: We found significant decrease in the number of renal glomeruli in all of the groups that received onion and also decrease in the volume of glomeruli in the group which had received 10 mg onion/day, compared to those in the control group [P = 0.000]. There were significant increase in the level of urea in the groups which had received doses of 10 and 20 mg of onion and in the creatinine levels of the groups which had received daily doses of 5, 20 and 40 mg of onion compared to those in the control group [P = 0.000]
Formaldehyde caused renal damage and an increase in the levels of urea and creatinine as well as a decrease in the number and volume of the glomeruli of the kidneys
Conclusion: Administration of daily doses of 40 mg hydro-alcoholic extract of onion for two weeks caused protective effect on kidney tissue exposed to the formaldehyde
ABSTRACT
Flutamide is a non-steroidal antiandrogen commonly used in the treatment of prostate cancer. Severe hepatotoxicity occurs in few patients, yet may be fatal. To date, none of the reported cases of fiutamide hepatotoxicity has demonstrated thrombocytopenia and chronic liver disease. We report the case of a 55-year-old male with prostatic adenocarcinoma who developed liver failure after six months of fiutamide therapy. The patient was referred with complaints of drowsiness, weakness, fatigue, and nausea in addition to jaundice, ascites, leg edema, splenomegaly, and bilateral pleural effusion. Laboratory findings included thrombocytopenia, hypoalbuminemia, and prolonged prothrombin time, with elevated aminotransferase and bilirubin. Abdominopelvic spiral computed tomography [CT] scan showed ascites and bilateral plural effusion. He discontinued flutamide and ursodeoxycholic acid [UDCA] was started. The patient completely recovered within four months. This was a rare case of flutamide-induced hepatotoxicity in a patient who referred with signs of advanced liver disease and thrombocytopenia. It appeared that UDCA was an effective therapy for fiutamide hepatotoxicity
ABSTRACT
Bacterial cells of Staphylococcus epidermidis are naturally occurring on skin and human mucosal membranes. They also cause nosocomial infections. Capability of biofilm formation plays an important role in the bacterial virulence. Quinolones have been used to treat urinary tract infections caused by S. epidermidis for several years. Thus, resistance to this type of antibiotics has emerged among the strains of this organism. Since the bacterial cells residing within biofilm structures are more resistant than those in planctonic stage, we conduct this study to examine the effect of quinolones was the main goal of ones study of higher resistance of native biofilm producing strains is the goal of this project. In this research ten native isolates of S. epidermidis were obtained from patients with urinary tract infection. Also standard strain of S. epidermidis PTCC 1435 was used as a control. Identification of strains was confirmed using morphological and biochemical tests. Challenge tests against the isolated was performed using three quinolone antibiotics including Ciprofluxacin, Ofluxacin, Nalidixic acid, with two different procedures: kirby bauer disk diffusion test, and broth dilution test. Average of MICs of above mentioned antibiotics against ten isolated was obtained as follow: Ciprofluxacin [7/375 micro g /micro l], Ofluxacin [11/53 micro g /micro l], Nalidixic acid [2597 /2 micro g /micro l]. Experimental biofilm model of these bacteria showed much higher resistance to quinolone antibiotic, from 15 times in case of Nalidixic acid to 18 times greater resistance in case of Ciprofluxacin. Average of MICs among ten isolates against the three antibiotics also showed increased resistance as follow: Ciprofluxacin [128/4 micro g /micro l], Ofluxacin [177/8 micro g /micro l], Nalidixic acid [3942/4 micro g /micro l]. S. epidermidis showed increased resistance to different quinolone antibiotics in biofilm structure, comparing to those of planktonic form. Results obtained from this research is in agreement with those of other similar projects; and emphesize on applying of adequate doses of antibiotics against urinary infection caused by biofilmic Staphylococcus epidermidis